Sop313 Essay Work Route Out Of Poverty - 1645 Words

Damien Russell B00643639 Social Policy SOP313 Poverty and Social Security Is work a route out of poverty? In recent years there has been much debate on the subject of work and is work the true route out of poverty? This piece of work will show both sides of the story as in how people look at the topic from government officials to the common person. It will look at policies that government have set to get people back to work. This piece of work will look at a number of different sources. There are many that still believe that staying on benefits is the best choice for them and there is much evidence to support this point as well, this point can be seen more and more in the last 7 or 8 years,†¦show more content†¦In truth, there are millions who still live in a poor household and this is even when there is at least one occupant that is in a full time job, these people are still in poverty because wages are not keeping up with the rate of infliction. In recent years the number of household that are working and that are still in poverty has actually increased. Although in recent yea rs the number of households that have no one working in them and that were in poverty has declined, so it can be seen that in some cases work is not the route out of poverty. Buck, (2008) The more you look into this subject in depth the more you see that there seems to be no way out of poverty even if the person is working in a full time job. The state of the nation report which was done by Alan Milburn suggests that work is no longer the way out of poverty because of the rise in day to day living which has been rising for many years, but the minimum wages has not being keeping up with this rise. Alan Milburn believe that to help with the minimum wage, the winter fuel allowance should be cut. He pointed out that pensioners are not affected by the down turn as much as younger people that are still working. This point was seen to be citizen heavily. Alan Miburn also say in the report that there should be more of a performance-related pay for teachers and many other jobs. The

The Rise And Fall Of Bernie Ebbers - 787 Words

Introduction One of America’s famous corporate leaders rose to prominence like a whirlwind and, then years after the euphoria, he fell from grace. Bernard Ebbers, a Mississippian native, became the face of America’s corporate world just for a short time. Then, his glory ended only to face allegations of fraud, abuse, and other corporate malpractices. The rise and fall of Bernie Ebbers shocked the business world for he lived, then, in modesty, supported education and contributed to his community. Ebbers’ community called him â€Å"responsible business leader† (Trevino Brown, p. 90) and author George Gilder described him as â€Å"one of the most fascinating, improbable, and inspiring in North American business† (p. 90). What went wrong? Discussion†¦show more content†¦He generously loaned this select group without documentation, a patronage behavior rampant in developing countries. Just a strong showing of social learning and social exchange wrapped in ethics and morality would have done the tricks (Trevino Brown, 2005). Q3. Identify some theoretical linkages between Ebbers’s leadership style as practiced and the behavior that occurred within WorldCom. Answer: Ebbers’ self-inflicted, self-centered, transactional leadership style paved the way for the firm’s demise. He loaned subordinates to ensure compliance, loyalty, and cooperation. A transformational leader leads subordinates to achieve goals for all. The main issue is trust, a trait that is higher in transformational than in transactional leadership (Principles of Management, 2015). Ebbers decided otherwise. He surrounded himself with a select group of people and kept others in the dark on decision-making. Q4. The law firm report identified Ebbers as the source of a culture that resulted in the company’s accounting fraud. How did Ebbers’s leadership style contribute to the values and actions of key managers? How could key managers perform their jobs effectively and ethically in the WorldCom culture? Answer: Ebbers promoted a culture of patronage and a disdain for openness and contrary opinion. He had a select group that made all the decisions. He rewarded them by personallyShow MoreRelated WorldCom and The Mississippi Scheme Scandals Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesstock prices and dubious practices within the organizations to keep the public unaware. Bernie Ebbers was the founder and CEO of WorldCom. He took a small telecommunications firm and transformed it into an industry giant before it collapsed into bankruptcy in 2002. The stock prices of WorldCom began to fall in 2000 and in order to prevent the price from falling further WorldCom made mass loans to Ebbers to stop him from selling his stock. He initiated the fraud and false reporting. He did notRead MoreEssay about Worldcom: Organizational Culture and Unethical Safeguards1195 Words   |  5 Pagesrelatively small amount of people, are completely wrong. Bernie Ebbers, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, Scott Sullivan’s classical view of social responsibility was the beginning of the end for WorldCom; this classical view shaped WorldCom’s organizational culture, and blinded how WorldCom should have safeguarded against unethical accounting breaches. Ebbers and Sullivan’s Classical View of Social Responsibility Ebbers was one of nine investors of Long Distance Discount ServicesRead MoreAccounting Fraud at Worldcom 21405 Words   |  6 PagesWorldCom The break up of ATT opened the long distance service market to small companies during the mid- to late-1980s and 1990s. Long Distance Discount Service (LDDS) opened in 1983 with moderate growth until its stock went public in 1989. CEO Bernie Ebbers decided to grow the organization through acquisitions (70 companies over the course of its lifetime) with its largest in 1998, the acquiring of MCI for $37 billion. The acquisitions caused the company’s stock to increase and WorldCom used thisRead MoreWorldCom Fraud Case Essay2223 Words   |  9 PagesIn 1983, while in a small coffee shop in Hattiesburg Mississippi, Bernard Ebbers developed the business concept that would eventually become the second largest long distance telephone company in the United States, WorldCom (Romar and Calkins). In 2002, the company that Bernard Ebbers grew from the ground up declared the largest bankruptcy in United States history. The unethical and illegal accounting treatments that WorldCom par ticipated in eventually led to the demise of the company and a newRead MoreThe Fraud Triangle And Fraud Scale3490 Words   |  14 PagesFraud Scale to analyse the actions of Bernie Ebbers and Scott Sullivan. What does your analysis suggest? As Albrecht et al. (2012) illustrate, there are many ways to commit fraud but common to all frauds are the following three elements, which make up the fraud triangle: 1. A perceived pressure 2. A perceived opportunity 3. A rationalization of the fraud as acceptable These three elements are almost always present in every fraud and are interactive. This gives rise to the fraud scale. As Albrecht etRead MoreLong Distance Discount Services ( Ldds )1460 Words   |  6 Pagesand Jickling 2002). This report examines and analyses the underlying reasons behind how and why such a massive fraud took place, how it went unnoticed through the years and the actions taken by senior management at Worldcom that led to the rise and subsequent fall of the company. This report also provides recommendations that could have helped prevent this scandal from taking place as a result of ethical accounting practices and having a strong corporate governance system in place. 2. Earnings ManagementRead MoreEnron And Its Impact On Enron s Downfall Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most innovative company in the United States; it exemplified the transition from the production to the knowledge economy. Many lessons can we learn from its collapse. In this paper we present an analysis of the factors that contributed to Enron’s rise and failure, underlying the role that energy deregulation and manipulation of financial statements played on Enron’s demise. We summarize some lessons that can be learned in order to prevent another Enron and restore confidence in the financial marketsRead MoreAudit and Wall Street13173 Words   |  53 Pagesfor his internal insight into the case. Thank you. iii Dedications For my family, who fed me, clothed me, and distracted me, all to make sure I stay sane during this knowledge gaining experience. For the numerous cups of tea that made me fall asleep and saved me from information overload. For my grandfathers: the businessmen. iv Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................................Read MoreEvolution of Corporate Governance3567 Words   |  15 Pagesway, Bernie Ebbers became the scapegoat in the Worldcom â€Å"scandal†. He was greatly influenced by Jack Grubman and other leaders from banks and investing firms. There were emails showing how he was coached on speeches by these very people. When it came time to place blame though, Bernie Ebbers was the biggest loser. Other individuals involved were only fined monetarily. This turned out to be a minor portion of the overall gain they had received from their involvements in the rise and fall of WorldcomRead MoreCorporate Governance Benchmarking Paper6593 Words   |  27 Pagescollapse or disarray of many organizations. Team A will provide a brief synopsis of specific organizations experiencing unethical challenges and how these organizations experience total collapse and devastation or how these organizations have come to rise above these unethical challenges by changing the corporate culture. By identifying the key course concepts, comparing and contrasting the practices of the various organizations will also provide insight of how each organization was able to react to

Ideal Renaissance Man Essay Example For Students

Ideal Renaissance Man Essay Hum Renaissance and Baroque April 16, 2013 The Ideal Renaissance Man or Woman An ideal renaissance man or woman in the fourteenth and fifteenth century, a time when people aspired to be skilled in numerous areas and humanistic education was customary, meant you would have to stand out from the rest. Pico Della Miranda theories in Oration on the Dignity of Man sum up the ideal Renaissance man. He proclaimed that individuals face no limits to their development except those that are self-imposed (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). In theory only one can hinder their win success. The ideal renaissance man had a broad base in knowledge or was highly skilled in the arts, music or literature. Some lived up to being ideal Just because they were bold or unique. The ideal renaissance man was respected by his peers and his knowledge and abilities were often required by the patrons of this era. Ingeniously, some individuals happened to be masters of art, engineering, and even anatomy all at the same time. Mostly men, renaissance contributors did not normally encourage women to participate during this time. Women were encouraged to fit the refill of wives and mothers and their political rights at this point were still kind of limited. Nevertheless, there were many that fit the description of an ideal renaissance women. One unique women of this time was Laura Cerate. A writer who struggled with heavy criticism from her cohorts because of her scholarly pursuits. In response to both the men and women who were Judgmental of her, Laura wrote two letters that were penned to answer both critics: a defense of learning aimed at male humanists and a defense of her vocation directed toward her female critics (Cunningham 289). Laurels heated verbiage in these letters won her great recognition and respect. In describing an ideal renaissance man Leonardo Deviance owned up to that title for his many achievements. He donated to us many chemical theories, the air balloon, the telescope, and trigonometry. He was a plethora of knowledge. He was also recognized for his many works of art known all around the world today, The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper for example. He was diverse in his thinking and saw many of his ideas through. He was a living example and true to Leon Liberties (1404-72) quote: that men can do all things if they will. The Renaissance is understood as a historical era of cultural movements. Its contributors are termed Ideal Renaissance Men and Women for making it possible. Even so, they continued to pursue more knowledge and abilities. For this, they were ideal renaissance people of their time. Cunningham and Reich. Culture and Values . 3. Ohio: Coinage Learning, 2009. Print. Giovanni Pico Della Miranda, Content. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2013): 1. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Par. 2013. What Is a Renaissance Man? Weeklies. N. P. , n. D. Web. 26 Feb.. 2013.

The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non

According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), program evaluation is the â€Å"efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of a department, program or agency.†It applies â€Å"systematic measures and comparisons so as to provide the outcome of the program to executives who in turn use the results in making decisions for the program† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation 1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An outcome is usually a description of â€Å"short or long term effects, including those that were not planned for but occurred as a result of the program’s outputs†(United Way of America, 1998).The basic process of program evaluation involves outcome evaluation as discussed below. â€Å"Outcome Evaluation† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation,1998) According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), ther e is no specific method or approach can suit all programs in outcome evaluation. However, W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) recommends that â€Å"it is important to start with the overall goals and outcomes of the program and then come up with a way of measuring these outcomes.† The initial step is to identify outcomes (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).This can be achieved by creating a team which may comprise of internal and external stakeholders to help you have a wider view of the outcomes of your organization (Herman Associates, 2005). The next step is to think about areas whereby change is eminent in the program. It could be change in clients, in the society or even in the larger systems (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The outcomes can be classified into three groups: †initial outcomes, intermediate outcomes and longer-term outcomes† (Herman Associates, 2005). One way in which these outcomes can be measured is by is by identifying indicators. According to Lanzer otti Lanzerotti (2004), an indicator should be something that is visible, audible, tangible or something that can be verified and â€Å"every outcome should have at least one indicator†. Their main purpose is usually to determine the extent to which an outcome has been realized. The indicators can also be compared with targets and benchmarks. In this case, targets are your expected achievements in form of numbers while benchmarks are data from a past program that one can use to compare with a current program.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Logic models can also be used to measure outcomes in program evaluation. According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) a logic diagram is a â€Å"diagram that helps clarify the links between the components of your program design.† The logic diagram is usually composed of â€Å"inputs, activities, outputs, initial outcomes, intermediate outcomes and long term outcomes† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998). This diagram can them be compared with the program’s outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative approaches can also be used in evaluating the program outcomes (United Way of America, 1998). According to Lanzerotti Lanzerotti (2004), quantitative method involves â€Å"experimentation and testing, a reflection of changes introduced by a program in numeric form, interviewing a large group of people, and analyzing relationships between hypothesized variables and the outcomes.† On the other hand, United Way of America (1998) notes that â€Å"qualitative evaluation seeks to explain how a program functions, the views of the program implementers and the clients as well as the extent to which the objectives are met.† Some of the qualitative measures that can be applied include â€Å"collection of non- numeric, in depth descriptions of the program, sorting through large amounts of data and allowing for in-depth study of selected issues† (United Way of America, 1998). The other evaluation method of outcomes is â€Å"effectiveness and efficiency† (Lanzerotti Lanzerotti, 2004).Effectiveness seeks to examine how well the program performed. According to Lanzerotti Lanzerotti (2004), this can be achieved by â€Å"identifying standards, benchmarks or criteria against which progress or performance can be assessed.† On the other hand, â€Å"efficiency seeks to find out whether the cost was worthy the outcome by determining the output to input ratio† (United Way of America, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the output ratio is greater than the input ratio, then there was efficiency but in case the input ratio is greater than the output ratio, then there was la ck of efficiency in the program (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The problem of inefficiency can be solved by looking for ways to minimize costs. The final evaluation method of outcomes is by use of cost benefit analysis (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).although this method is commonly applied in the profit sector, it can also be applied in the non-profit sector. One is supposed to determine the relationship between the costs and the benefits. According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) the cost benefit relationship is â€Å"the relationship of the cost of the program to the cost of achieving them.† â€Å"Politics of Goal Definition†(Hellriegell Slocum, 2007) Political behavior often occurs in organizations due to â€Å"different opinions over goals, different views about the organization and it’s limitations, different knowledge about dealing with situations as well as how to make use of resources that are scarce† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).These are the basic forces that result in politics of how goals are defined. However, doing away with these forces is not possible because there is no point in life when all people will have similar views. Similarly, organizations are always striving to make use of the scarce resources so as to obtain the required goals. As a result, political behavior must be exhibited as every individual in the organization strives to acquire their preferred results (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007). In cases whereby such situations arise, a manager should not use force to stop such behavior but instead should work to see that such behavior does not impact the organization in a negative way (Herman Associates, 2005). According to Hellriegell Slocum (2007) the political behavior among employees can be stimulated by the actions of a manager. For instance, as Hellriegell Slocum (2007) notes â€Å"in departments like accounting, human resources, and quality control, legal and information systems among others† employees’ performance is hard to measure.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, leaders processes give yield to inadequate resources in terms of â€Å"pay, bonuses, and benefits† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).Other leaders tend to give the political behavior in the process of appraisal a blind eye and assume that it does not exist. However, politics in appraisal is a fact that can not be done away with and which can have several impacts. Some of these impacts as noted by Hellriegell Slocum (2007) include â€Å"organizational goals and performance are undermined; increase political behavior in other decision making processes and expose the organization to litigation if employees are terminated.† In conclusion, program evaluation involves several steps. The first step should be to identify the outcomes. After that, other processes follow. These other processes include: identifying indicators, use of logic model, use of quantitative and qualitative methods, determining effectiveness and efficiency as well as determining the cost-benefit analysis . On the other hand, political behavior is often displayed in organizations when it comes to formulation of goals. It is important for managers to know that this can not be avoided but can be minimized. One of the ways in which a manager can minimize political behavior is by ensuring that the goals are clear and specific. References Hellriegel, D. Slocum, J.W. (2007). Organizational behavior. New York: Thomson Learning. Herman, R. D. Associates. (2005). The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership management. 2nd ed. San Francisco: John Wiley Sons. Lanzerotti, R. Lanzerott, L. (2004). Measuring Change to Make Change: The Fundraising Case for Program Evaluation. Grassroots Fundraising  Journal, 23, 4-8. United Way of America. (1996). Measuring Program Outcomes: A Practical Approach. Alexandria: United Way of America. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. (1998).Outcomes Logic Model. Mexico: Kellogg Foundation This research paper on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector was written and submitted by user Stephanie Harvey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.